ABSTRACT
Blood stasis syndrome is one of the core clinical syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the biological connotation of this syndrome is not clear, and there is a lack of disease improved animal models that match the characteristics of this disease and syndrome. The aim of this study was to screen the candidate biomarker gene set of blood stasis syndrome of RA, reveal the biological connotation of this syndrome, and explore and evaluate the preparation method of the improved animal model based on the characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom". The study was approved by the ethics committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2019-073-KY-01) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TYLL2021[K]018), and the study subjects gave their informed consent. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01). The whole blood samples were collected clinically from RA patients with blood stasis syndrome (3 cases) or other syndromes (7 types, 3 cases/type), and healthy volunteers (4 cases), and then transcriptome sequencing, KEGG, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis were performed. 126 pivotal genes were screened, and their functional annotation results were significantly enriched in "immune-inflammation" related pathways and lipid metabolism regulation (sphingolipids, ether lipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis). Syndrome-symptom mapping of hub gene set to the TCM primary and secondary symptoms, Western phenotypic symptoms and pathological links showed that joint tingling, abnormal joint morphology, petechiae and abnormal blood circulation are representative of blood stasis syndrome of RA. The results of the improved animal model showed that the rats in the collagen-induced arthritis + adrenaline hydrochloride (CIA+Adr) 3 model group had increased blood rheology, coagulation, platelet function and endothelial function abnormalities compared with the CIA-alone model group, suggesting that the rats with blood stasis syndrome of RA may be in a state of "blood stasis". The results of the study can help to advance the objective study of the evidence of blood stasis syndrome in RA, and provide new ideas for the establishment of an animal model that reflects the clinical characteristics of the disease and syndrome.
ABSTRACT
How the brain perceives objects and classifies perceived objects is one of the important goals of visual cognitive neuroscience. Previous research has shown that when we see objects, the brain's ventral visual pathway recognizes and classifies them, leading to different ways of interacting with them. In this paper, we summarize the latest research progress of the ventral visual pathway related to the visual classification of objects. From the perspective of the neural representation of objects and its underlying mechanisms in the visual cortex, we summarize the current research status of the two important organizational dimensions of object animacy and real-world size, provide new insights, and point out the direction of further research.
Subject(s)
Brain Mapping/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Photic Stimulation , Visual Cortex , Visual PathwaysABSTRACT
Three sesquiterpenoids were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physiochemical properties as(7Z)-8β,13-diacetoxy-eudesma-4(15),7(11)-diene(1), 7-oxo-7,8-secoeudesma-4(15),11-dien-8-oic acid(2), and guai-10(14)-en-11-ol(3). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds and compound 3 was obtained from Compositae family for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed weak inhibitory activities against sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs).
Subject(s)
Atractylodes/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/pharmacology , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanism of (-)-epigal?locatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. METHODS The druggability of EGCG was measured by the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) server, and potential tar?gets of EGCG were identified by Pharm Mapper and Drug Repositioning and Adverse drug Reaction via Chemical-Pro?tein Interactome (DRAR-CPI). The potential targets were imported into GeneMANIA database to obtain the protein-pro?tein direct interaction network, and target physical interaction, co-expression, prediction, genetic interaction, and shared protein domains. The biological process, molecular functions, cellular components and KEGG signaling pathways of potential targets were analyzed using DAVID database. For further study, ethanol was used to establish a model of endothelial injury in vitro. The cell viability was assayed by MTT method, the cellular apoptosis was stained by Annexin V/PI, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and cleved-caspase-3 were tested by Western blotting. Then, JC-1 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB experiments were used to study the mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear trans?location. RESULTS The oral availability of EGCG was 55.09％ (≥ 30％) and drug-like index was 0.77 (≥ 0.18), which were considered pharmacokinetically active. 17 potential targetable proteins of EGCG were predicted by Pharm Mapper and DRAR-CPI. Further research showed that 68.13％ displayed similar co-expression characteristics, 26.11％ physical interactions, and 2.74％ shared the same protein domain. The depth network analysis results showed that the biofunc?tions of EGCG were mainly by regulating glutathione derivative biosynthetic process, glutathione metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process etc.. via drug binding, catalytic activity, glutathione transferase activity, anion bind?ing etc.. in sarcoplasmic reticulum, spindle pole, microtubule cytoskeleton and cytoplasm. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Glutathione metabolism, IL-17 signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, PI3K-Akt sig?naling pathway and other pathways were involves in the biofunction of EGCG. The above analyses indicated that EGCG exerts its biofunction through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The experimental results showed that etha?nol 20.0 mmol·L-1 decreased cell viability, Bcl-2 expression, and increased cell apoptosis, the intracellular ROS, as well as the expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 of human endothelial cells. However, treatment of the cells with EGCG can significantly alleviate ethanol induced endothelial cells injury. Further study showed that EGCG significantly allevi?ates ethanol induced mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS EGCG exerts pharmacological efficacies on ethanol induced endothelial cell injury through multi-target, multi-function and multi-path?way mode. Protective effect of EGCG on ethanol induced cell injury was mainly through alteration of mitochondrial func?tion and NF-κB translocation. Therefore, EGCG have great potential in protecting against endothelial dysfunction of the persons who are chronically abuse of ethanol. This study also provides a new understanding of EGCG in clinical applica?tion on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
ABSTRACT
At present, the prevention and control of the COVID-19 is still severe, its pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and pathogenic, and the population is generally susceptible. In order to deal with the epidemic, selective operation can be postponed, but most of the patients with acute abdominal diseases are commonly in clinic, with acute onset and severe condition, and most of them are accompanied with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, so emergency operation is needed.Under the condition of the current epidemic—COVID-19, it requires a higher standard to diagnose and treat patients with acute abdomen. The first step is to carry out procedures to identify whether the patient is infected or not. Those who are not infected can go through the normal treating procedures.For patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or suspected patients, the second step is to achieve classified diagnoses and treatments, and to adopt a treating plan that integrates TCM and western medicine.In order to protect patients and medical staff, the COVID-19 in hospital transmission must be avoided. For patients with COVID-19 who need emergency surgery, we must strictly comply with the hospital's protection regulations, closely coordinate the relevant departments of surgery, perform the three-level protection, operate in accordance with the principle of damage control in the negative pressure surgery room, and return to the isolation ward according to the prevention and control process after operation. For units without surgical conditions, patients should be transferred to hospital in time on the premise of maximum damage control, and patients must not be delayed for timely diagnosis and treatment due to the epidemic.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus extending to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA) is rare, which is generally associated with serial syndromes and poor prognosis. The results of earlier observations revealed that the median survival was 1–5 months after diagnosis for untreated patients. The prognosis was poor with surgery, radiotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 1850 patients received TACE for advanced HCC at our institution from October 2011 to September 2016. Among them, 18 cases presented tumor thrombus extended from hepatic vein to IVC and RA. TACE was performed to deal with the tumor thrombus inside the RA, and angiography was performed for characterizing. The successful rate, survival, safety, and clinical adverse events were retrospectively studied. Results: A total of 56 interventional procedures were conducted for the 18 cases of tumor thrombus extending to IVC and RA. TACE were successfully performed in all patients without significant complications. One case died of pneumonia, and no severe adverse effect was observed in the other 17 cases. The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 50% and 16.7%, respectively. The average survival from diagnosis of right atrial tumor thrombus (RATT) was 15.2 months. The blood supply was rich for all RATT. There were seven cases with single-feeding artery and 11 cases with two or three feeding arteries that originated from intra- or extra-hepatic arteries. The extrahepatic artery played a critical role in the blood supply of RATT, including right inferior phrenic artery (8/18), left inferior phrenic artery (1/18), and the left gastric artery (2/18). Conclusion: For HCC with tumor thrombus in the IVC and RA, TACE could safely improve the prognosis of these patients. Searching for multiple feeding arteries are essential for ensuring efficacy. In addition, careful examination and appropriate embolization technique are essential for safety and efficacy. Lipiodol was a safe and ideal agent for the embolization in RATT
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the constitution of causes of chronic cough in children.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 202 children with chronic cough who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2015 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#As for the causes of chronic cough in the 202 children, 81 (40.1%) had post-infection cough (PIC), 71 (35.1%) had cough variant asthma (CVA), 43 (21.3%) had upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), 3 (1.5%) had foreign body aspiration, 1 (0.5%) had gastroesophageal reflux cough, 2 (1.0%) had Tourette syndrome, and 1 (0.5%) had congenital respiratory disorders. Of the 202 children, 119 (58.9%) had chronic cough caused by a single factor and 83 (41.1%) had chronic cough caused by multiple factors. There was a significant difference in the constitution of causes of chronic cough among the children with different ages (<1 year, ≥1 year, ≥3 years and 6-14 years) or natures of cough (wet cough and dry cough) (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The top three causes of chronic cough in children are PIC, CVA and UACS. There are significant differences in the main causes of chronic cough between children with different ages and between those with different natures of cough.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Asthma , China , Chronic Disease , Cough , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Several studies have demonstrated an association between physical activity and telomere length; however, the association remains inconsistent. A cross-sectional study consisting of 588 participants (375 females, median age of 33.8 years) was carried out to investigate the association between telomere length and physical activity in a general population from North China. The results show that relative telomere length is not significantly different in participants in the northern Chinese population with different levels of physical activity, either in the model only adjusted for age (F = 2.127, P = 0.120) or in the model adjusted for demographics and lifestyle (F = 1.227, P = 0.294). The gender-stratified analysis also produced insignificant results. Our study confirmed a non-significant association between physical activity and telomere length in the northern Chinese population, which adds to the inconsistent association between physical activity and telomere length across different ethnic populations.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People , Genetics , China , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise , Physiology , TelomereABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation(PPSF) combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 94 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures treated from January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 males and 63 females, aged from 65 to 70 years old with an average of 67.2 years. Fracture level was T₁₁ on 15 cases, T₁₂ on 32 cases, L₁ on 29 cases and L₂ on 18 cases. The patients were divided into two groups according to different therapeutic methods. Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty were applied in 43 patients(group A) and percutaneous vertebroplasty was applied to 51 patients(group B). Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bone cement volume, postoperative in-bed time were recorded; preoperatively, 3 d, 1 year after the operation, the ratios of anterior border heights, sagittal Cobb angles, visual analogue scale(VAS) scores were compared between two groups. The condition of postoperative complication in two groups was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of 18.5 months. Operation time of group A [(96.2±28.7) min] was longer than that of group B [(31.8±10.6) min]. Intraoperative blood loss of group A[(62.2±25.5) ml] was more than that of group B [(25.4±10.9) ml]. Bone cement volume of group A [(5.5±0.5) ml] was larger than that of group B [(4.9±1.1) ml]. Postoperative in-bed time of group A[(5.1±1.8) d] was longer than that of group B[(1.8±0.7) d]. There were significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bone cement volume, postoperative in-bed time between two groups(<0.05). Three days, 12 months after the operation, the ratios of anterior border heights and Cobb angles in two groups were significantly improved. At final follow-up, the ratio of anterior border height and Cobb angle of group A[(85.6±3.5)%, (11.9±5.3)°] were better than of group B[(84.2±4.5)%, (15.3±3.4)°](<0.05). Three cases in group B had re-collapse of cemented vertebral bodies. Postoperative at 3 d, 1 year, VAS score of all patients had significantly decreased(<0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to simple PVP, PPSF combined with PVP in treating osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture can obtain stronger vertebral strength and stiffness, furthermore to improve vertebral reduced effect, keeping vertebral heights, and preventing vertebral re-collapse.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Lumbar Vertebrae , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Osteoporotic Fractures , General Surgery , Pedicle Screws , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fractures , General Surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Treatment Outcome , VertebroplastyABSTRACT
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Lai's acupuncture therapy combined with Chinese herbal decoction for the treatment of infertility with ovulatory dysfunction, and to summarize the experience of Professor Lai Xin-Sheng in treating infertility. Methods Ninety-six infertility patients with ovulatory dysfunction were randomized into treatment group and control group, 48 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with Lai's Tongyuan acupuncture therapy for regulating Governor Vessel to tranquilize mind, inducing meridian Qi to original Qi, and was also given oral use of Chinese herbal decoction of Lai's Yiyun Recipe for promoting gestation. The control group was treated with Chinese herbal decoction alone. The treatment began exactly after the completion of menstruation period and lasted 15 days for one treatment course, covering 3 courses. And then the patients of the two groups were followed-up for 3 months. Therapeutic effect and pregnancy rate were evaluated after treatment, serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were examined, and abdominal ultrasonography was used for monitoring the maximum diameter of the dominant follicles and endometrial thickness before and after treatment. Results (1) Three cases from the treatment group and 5 cases from the control group were dropped out, and the final case number in the treatment group and control group was 45, 43 respectively. (2) The total efficiency of the treatment group was 88.9％, and that of the control group was 81.4％. The effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The pregnancy rate of the treatment group was 73.3％, higher than that of the control group (51.2％), the difference being significant (P < 0.05). (4) After treatment, the maximum diameter of the dominant follicles and endometrial thickness in the two groups were obviously improved(P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment), and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) After treatment, the serum levels of estradiol and progesterone in the two groups were obviously improved(P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment) , and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Lai's acupuncture therapy combined with Chinese herbal decoction is superior to that of Chinese herbal decoction alone, showing an obvious synergistic effect by shortening the course of treatment and enhancing pregnancy rate.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect of dopamine (DA) on the glutamate (Glu) uptake ability of neural cells, as well as its effect on cognitive impairment in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) via related pathways.@*Methods@#A total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, MHE model group, and DA intervention model group, with 15 rats in each group. The rats in the MHE model group were given intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (TAA), those in DA intervention model group were given intraventricular injection of DA, and those in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of physiological saline, with a frequency of twice a week for 8 weeks. Cerebral microdialysis was used to measure the change in the content of Glu in the brain in MHE rats and rats with DA intervention; RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the relative mRNA and protein expression of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2); the changes in the expression of EAAT2 and extracellular Glu level were measured after intracerebroventricular injection of TAAR1 siRNA and TAAR1 plasmid in MHE rats and rats with DA intervention. One- way analyses of variance for comparison among different groups were performed, categorical data between groups were compared using nonparametric tests.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the MHE model group had significant increases in the content of DA in liver tissue, plasma, and brain tissue (4.90 ± 0.13 ng/g vs 1.20 ± 0.13 ng/g, P < 0.05; 16.32 ± 1.01 pmol/ml vs 5.50 ± 0.82 pmol/ml, P < 0.05; 732.45 ± 78.85 ng/g vs 387.00 ± 23.36 ng/g, P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the extracellular Glu level within 40-120 minutes after intracerebral injection of DA in the DA intervention model group. Compared with the control group, the MHE model group and the DA intervention model group had a significant increase in the relative protein expression of TAAR1 (3.72 ± 0.50/4.18 ± 0.43 vs 0.96 ± 0.40, both P < 0.05) and a significant reduction in the expression of EAAT2 (0.46 ± 0.16/0.51 ± 0.20 vs 0.92 ± 0.11, P = 0.013 and 0.036). Compared with the model group treated with empty vector, the MHE model group and the DA intervention model group had a significant increase in the relative protein expression of EAAT2 after TAAR1 siRNA intervention (0.86±0.142 vs 0.56 ± 0.060, P = 0.028; 0.99 ± 0.056 vs 0.43 ± 0.098, P = 0.0010) and a significant reduction in the extracellular Glu level in the brain at 60-120 minutes after injection, while after TAAR1 plasmid intervention, the MHE model group and the DA intervention model group had a significant reduction in the relative protein expression of EAAT2 (0.20 ± 0.040 vs 0.48 ± 0.08, P = 0.006; 0.24 ± 0.05 vs 0.54 ± 0.07, P = 0.004) and a significant increase in the extracellular Glu level in brain at 60-100 minutes after injection.@*Conclusion@#DA interacts with TAAR1 in brain tissue to induce extracellular accumulation of Glu, thus leading to the disorder of the TAAR1-EAAT2 signaling pathway in brain tissue and ultimately injuring the cognitive function of MHE rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association between the level of polymorphism of APOE gene and cognitive impairment in patients with CNS demyelinating diseases. Methods 56 patients with central nervous system demyelinating disease were applied APOE genotyping,MoCA and expanded disability status (EDSS) scale score. Patients with MOCA scores <26 were divided into cognitive impairment group, and those with MOCA scores ≥26 were divided into normal cognitive preserved group. Results The probability of cognitive dysfunction in patients with central nervous system demyelinating diseases was 53.57%. There was no significant difference in age, gender, and disease duration between the CI group and the CP group(P>0.05), the difference in age and education among groups is statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the difference in age, sex, education years and EDSS score between APOEε4 gene positive group and APOEε4 gene negative group (P<0.05). The difference of visual space and attention between different cognitive domains is statistically significant(P<0.05). Years of schooling is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in patients with central nervous system demyelinating disease(P<0.01). Conclusion The central nervous system demyelinating disease is impaired cognitive function. Patients with APOEε4 gene positive are more severely impaired in visual space and attention than patients with negative APOEε4 gene.Years of education are the risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with central nervous system demyelinating disease. The course of disease and disabled function may not be significant related to cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus medication in treating chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. Method By using the random number table, sixty-eight patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were randomized into an acupuncture-medication group of 34 cases and a medication group of 34 cases. The clinical efficacies were compared after 2 courses of treatment, and the symptoms and body signs scores and syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were also compared. Result There was a significant difference in comparing the therapeutic efficacy between the acupuncture-medication group and the medication group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the symptoms and body signs scores and TCM syndrome score dropped significantly in both groups (P<0.05), indicating that the two groups both had improvement in the symptoms, body signs and TCM syndrome; there were significant between-group differences in comparing the score differences in the symptoms and body signs scores and TCM syndrome score after the treatment (P<0.05), and the acupuncture-medication group was higher than the medication group. Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication can better ameliorate the symptoms and body signs and TCM syndrome in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis(MIPPO)and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in treating senile NEER IIproximal humerus fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2014 to March 2016, 46 elderly patients with Neer II proximal humerus fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 20 patients in MIPPO group included 9 males and 11 females with an average age of (70.4±4.4) years old; while 26 patients in ORIF group included 11 males and 15 females with an average age of (70.9±4.0) years old. The length of hospital stay, times of fluoroscopy, beginning time of function rehabilitation, healing time of fracture, Constant Murley score of the shoulder joint at 3, 6, 12 months after operation and complications were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of 16.8±3.7. The healing time of fracture, beginning time of function rehabilitation in MIPPO group were(13.0±0.8) weeks, (3.0±0.9) days respectively and shorter than those in ORIF group which were (13.8±1.4) weeks and(6.8±1.3) days. The times of fluoroscopy in MIPPO group was 19.2±3.7 and more than that in ORIF group which was 12.1±3.4. At 3 and 6 months after operation, Constant Murley score in MIPPO group were 81.3±3.9, 86.6±5.4 and more than that in ORIF group which were 69.5±6.6, 80.5±6.7. There were no differences between two groups in the length of hospital stay, Constant Murley score at 12 months after operation and grading at the final follow-up. There was one fracture redisplacement in each group. And 1 case of axillary nerve injury in MIPPO group, 2 cases of delayed union in ORIF group. No incision infection, screw loosening or plate break was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MIPPO and ORIF are both effective in treating Neer II proximal humeral fractures. MIPPO technique has the advantages of faster recovery, earlier rehabilitative exercise and better shoulder function. The disadvantages are more exposure to radiationd and the possibility of axillary nerve injure.</p>
ABSTRACT
We analyze the epidemiology,clinical features,and outcome of the patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (CJD) in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2015.The epidemiology,clinical characteristics and follow-up data of CJD suspected patients obtained from Guizhou CJD surveillance network were analyzed.The testing results of cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) and blood from the patients were also collected and analyzed.Results showed that a total of 11 CJD cases was found from 23 reported CJD suspected patients in Guizhou from 2010 to 2015,including 8 probable sporadic CJD(sCJD) cases,2 possible sCJD cases and 1 genetic CJD(gCJD) case.In 11 cases,rapidly progressive dementia was the major initial symptom,following by mental symptoms,extrapyramidal symptoms,signs and cerebellum cortical blindness.Clinical symptoms of progressive dementia were the main symptoms,following by visual or cerebellar dysfunction,myoclonus,cone system/extrapyramidal dysfunction,and akinetic mutism.Most of cases were abnormal in MRI (45.45％) and 14-3-3 protein detection in CSF(70％).The 14-3-3 blood samples of prion gene 129 amino acids (PRNP)polymorphisms were M/M type,excepting for 1 case gCJD confirmed diagnosis cases with D178N mutation in PRNP gene.Eleven CJD cases did not show season and regional clusterings and vocational tendency.The majority of the cases were male,the median age was 65,and mainly were the Han nationality.For all cases of CJD reported during that year for follow-up,the lost-tofollow-up rate was 27％,and the majority of cases died within one year.The sCJD cases were the majority in CJD cases of Guizhou Province,2010-2015.The epidemiological characteristics were similar to the national monitoring cases in the same period.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of preoperative peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR),prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical operation.Methods This is a retrospective study,involving 426 surgically resected hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma cases in a single center from 2003 to 2012.Results Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients in NLR ≤ 1.62 group achieve higher rate of recurrence-free and overall survival than that in the NLR ＞ 1.62 group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.005);Also PNI ＞ 49.42 group showed higher rate of overall survival significantly than PNI≤49.42 group (P ＜ 0.005).The results of Cox regression multivariate analysis further suggested that both NLR ＞ 1.62 (HR 1.74,P =0.007) and PNI ≤49.42 (HR 0.70,P =0.021) were independent risk factors for overall survival,NLR ＞ 1.62 (HR 1.45,P =0.03) was also an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival.Conclusion The preoperative NLR and PNI may be independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with HBV-related HCC after radical operation.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the effect of dopamine ( DA) on the glutamate ( Glu)-uptake ability of astro-cytes, and the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-excitatory amino acid transporter 2(EAAT2) pathway in this process .METHODS:Extracellular Glu levels in DA-treated primary cortical astrocytes ( PCAs) were measured by a fluorimetric method .The relative expression of EAAT 2 and mTOR at mRNA and protein levels was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot .PCAs stimulated with or without DA in the presence or absence of mTOR antagonist rapamycin or mTOR agonist MHY1485 were used to determine the expression of mTOR and EAAT 2, and Glu content in the culture supernatant was also measured.RESULTS: The expression of mTOR in DA-treated PCAs was decreased, the expression of EAAT2 was also decreased .Extracellular Glu levels of DA-treated PCAs were elevated significantly .When the PCAs were stimula-ted with DA in the presence of rapamycin , the expression of EAAT2 was decreased , and the levels of extracellular Glu was significantly increased.In the presence of MHY1485, the expression of EAAT2 was elevated, and significant decrease in the levels of extracellular Glu was also observed .CONCLUSION:DA interacts with mTOR-EAAT2 pathway to reduce the Glu-uptake ability of the astrocytes , and causes extracellular Glu accumulation , ultimately destroys the function of astro-cytes.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the effect of dopamine ( DA) on the glutamate ( Glu)-uptake ability of astro-cytes, and the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-excitatory amino acid transporter 2(EAAT2) pathway in this process .METHODS:Extracellular Glu levels in DA-treated primary cortical astrocytes ( PCAs) were measured by a fluorimetric method .The relative expression of EAAT 2 and mTOR at mRNA and protein levels was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot .PCAs stimulated with or without DA in the presence or absence of mTOR antagonist rapamycin or mTOR agonist MHY1485 were used to determine the expression of mTOR and EAAT 2, and Glu content in the culture supernatant was also measured.RESULTS: The expression of mTOR in DA-treated PCAs was decreased, the expression of EAAT2 was also decreased .Extracellular Glu levels of DA-treated PCAs were elevated significantly .When the PCAs were stimula-ted with DA in the presence of rapamycin , the expression of EAAT2 was decreased , and the levels of extracellular Glu was significantly increased.In the presence of MHY1485, the expression of EAAT2 was elevated, and significant decrease in the levels of extracellular Glu was also observed .CONCLUSION:DA interacts with mTOR-EAAT2 pathway to reduce the Glu-uptake ability of the astrocytes , and causes extracellular Glu accumulation , ultimately destroys the function of astro-cytes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the ultrasound features and levels of cervical lymph node metastases in primary and recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2181 patients who underwent cervical lymph nodes dissection for PTC from January 12015 to January 12016.Totally 418 PTC patients (with 622 lymph nodes) who met the inclusion criteria entered the final analysis.Patients who had not received any prior thyroid treatment (surgery with or without radioactive iodine) were categorized as the primary group (352 patients with 527 metastatic lymph nodes),and patients who had received prior treatment (thyroidectomy with or without radioactive iodine) for PTC were categorized as recurrent/persistent group (66 patients with 95 metastatic lymph nodes).Pathological results from lymph node dissections were used as the gold standards by means of level-to-level analysis.Results The mean of the minimum axis diameter of the lymph nodes in the primary group was (6.7±3.6)mm,and that of the recurrent/persistent group was (6.6±3.1)mm (U=0.180,P=0.857).The proportion of metastasis in the central area of primary group was 40.0%,which was significantly higher than that in the recurrent/persistent group (12.6%);the proportion of metastasis in the lateral area was 60.6% in the primary group,which was significantly lower than that in the recurrent/persistent group (87.4%)(χ=26.288,P<0.001).In lateral metastatic lymph nodes,Ⅲ level was the most common place in both groups.Level Ⅴ metastatic lymph was rare in both primary group and recurrent/persistent group.Calcifications (63.1% vs. 48.2%;χ=7.207,P=0.007) and peripheral vascularity (81.1% vs. 59.4%;χ= 16.147, P<0.001) were more common in the recurrent/persistent group.The round shape,absence of an echogenic hilum,hyperechogenicity,and cystic aspects were not significantly different between these two groups (all P>0.05).Conclusions Primary metastatic lymph nodes often occur in the central area of lymph nodes,while lateral metastatic lymph nodes are more common in recurrent/persistent PTC.For metastatic lymph nodes,calcifications and peripheral vascularity are more common in recurrent/persistent PTC.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections are caused mainly by Gram-positive bacteria which are often treated with intravenous vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid, with potential step down to oral linezolid for outpatients. Tedizolid phosphate 200 mg once daily treatment for six days demonstrated non-inferior efficacy, with a favourable safety profile, compared with linezolid 600 mg twice daily treatment for 10 days in the Phase 3 ESTABLISH-1 and -2 trials. The objective of the current post-hoc analysis of the integrated dataset of ESTABLISH-1 and -2 was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tedizolid (N = 182) vs linezolid (N = 171) in patients of Latino origin enrolled into these trials. The baseline demographic characteristics of Latino patients were similar between the two treatment groups. Tedizolid demonstrated comparable efficacy to linezolid at 48–72 h in the intent-to-treat population (tedizolid: 80.2% vs linezolid: 81.9%). Sustained clinical success rates were comparable between tedizolid- and linezolid-treated Latino patients at end-of-therapy (tedizolid: 86.8% vs linezolid: 88.9%). Tedizolid phosphate treatment was well tolerated by Latino patients in the safety population with lower abnormal platelet counts at end-of-therapy (tedizolid: 3.4% vs linezolid: 11.3%, p = 0.0120) and lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (tedizolid: 16.5% vs linezolid: 23.5%). Population pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that estimated tedizolid exposure measures in Latino patients vs non-Latino patients were similar. These findings demonstrate that tedizolid phosphate 200 mg, once daily treatment for six days was efficacious and well tolerated by patients of Latino origin, without warranting dose adjustment.